{"id":1265,"date":"2023-10-13T17:03:06","date_gmt":"2023-10-13T14:03:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ac-group.in.ua\/en\/?p=1265"},"modified":"2023-10-13T17:04:33","modified_gmt":"2023-10-13T14:04:33","slug":"the-chemistry-of-biogas-formation-process","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ac-group.in.ua\/en\/blog\/the-chemistry-of-biogas-formation-process\/","title":{"rendered":"The chemistry of biogas formation process"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Formation of biogas from a chemical perspective is a complex multi-stage process that involves several consecutive steps, including hydrolysis, glycolysis, hydrogen oxidation, and other processes.<\/span><\/p>\n

Under the influence of bacteria in the first stage of anaerobic fermentation, substrate decomposition occurs, resulting in the formation of organic acids, alcohols, and simple carbohydrates. In the second stage, acetic acid, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide are produced. These stages of anaerobic fermentation can be summarized by the following equations:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u04216<\/sub>H12<\/sub>O6<\/sub>+2H2<\/sub>O \u2192 2CH3<\/sub>COOH+4H2<\/sub>\u2191+2CO2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0421\u041d3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2\u041e\u041d+\u041d2<\/sub>O\u2192\u0421\u041d3<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+2\u041d2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span>
\n\u0421\u041d3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d\u041e\u041d\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+\u041d2<\/sub>O\u2192\u0421\u041d3<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+2\u041d2<\/sub>\u2191+\u0421\u041e2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span>
\n\u0421\u041d3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+2\u041d2<\/sub>O\u21922\u0421\u041d3<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+2\u041d2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span>
\n\u0421\u041d3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+2\u041d2<\/sub>O\u2192\u0421\u041d3<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+3\u041d2<\/sub>\u2191+\u0421\u041e2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span>
\n\u0421\u041d3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+4\u041d2<\/sub>O\u21922\u0421\u041d3<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+5\u041d2<\/sub>\u2191+\u0421\u041e2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

where C6<\/sub>H12<\/sub>O6<\/sub> is glucose; C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>OH is ethanol; C3<\/sub>H6<\/sub>O3<\/sub> is lactate; C4<\/sub>H8<\/sub>O2<\/sub> is butyric acid; C3<\/sub>H6<\/sub>O2<\/sub> is propionic acid; C5<\/sub>H10<\/sub>O2<\/sub> is valeric acid; H2<\/sub>O is water; CH3<\/sub>COOH is acetic acid; H2<\/sub> is hydrogen; CO2<\/sub> is carbon dioxide.<\/span><\/p>\n

Furthermore, methanogenesis occurs through the activity of microorganisms that reduce carbon dioxide to methane and those that ultimately break down acetic acid into methane and carbon dioxide. The equations for the biochemical reactions of the methanogenesis stage of anaerobic fermentation are as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

4H2\u2191 + CO2\u2191 \u2192 CH4\u2191 + 2H2O CH3COOH \u2192 CH4\u2191 + CO2\u2191 <\/span><\/p>\n

where CH4 \u2191 – methane.<\/span><\/p>\n

By combining the equations for the acetic acid formation stage with the methanogenesis equations, we obtain the following:<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u04216<\/sub>\u041d12<\/sub>\u041e6<\/sub>\u21923\u0421\u041d4<\/sub>\u2191+3\u0421\u041e2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span>
\n\u0421\u041d3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2<\/sub>\u041e\u041d\u21921,5\u0421\u041d4<\/sub>\u2191+0,5\u0421\u041e2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span>
\n\u0421\u041d3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d\u041e\u041d\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d\u21921,5\u0421\u041d4<\/sub>\u2191+1,5\u0421\u041e2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span>
\n\u0421\u041d3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+\u041d2<\/sub>O\u2192 2,5\u0421\u041d4<\/sub>\u2191+1,5\u0421\u041e2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span>
\n\u0421\u041d3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+0,5\u041d2<\/sub>O\u21921,75\u0421\u041d4<\/sub>\u2191+1, 25\u0421\u041e2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span>
\n\u0421\u041d3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+1,5\u041d2<\/sub>O\u21923,25\u0421\u041d4<\/sub>\u2191+1,75\u0421\u041e2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><\/p>\n

The material balance calculation for the anaerobic fermentation of the organic substances from the biomass mentioned above, following the equations, will take the following form:<\/span><\/p>\n

180 kg (\u04216<\/sub>\u041d12<\/sub>\u041e6<\/sub>) = 48 kg (\u0421\u041d4<\/sub>)\u2191 + 132 kg (\u0421\u041e2<\/sub>)\u2191<\/span>
\n46 kg (\u0421\u041d3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2<\/sub>\u041e\u041d) = 24 kg (\u0421\u041d4<\/sub>)\u2191 + 22 kg (\u0421\u041e2<\/sub>)\u2191<\/span>
\n90 kg (\u0421\u041d3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d\u041e\u041d\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d) = 24 kg (\u0421\u041d4<\/sub>)\u2191 + 66 kg (\u0421\u041e2<\/sub>)\u2191<\/span>
\n88 kg (\u0421\u041d3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d) + 18 kg (\u041d2<\/sub>O) = 40 kg (\u0421\u041d4<\/sub>)\u2191 + 66 kg (\u0421\u041e2<\/sub>)\u2191<\/span>
\n74 kg (\u0421\u041d3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d) + 9 kg (\u041d2<\/sub>O) = 28 (\u0421\u041d4<\/sub>)\u2191 + 55 kg (\u0421\u041e2<\/sub>)\u2191<\/span>
\n102 kg (\u0421\u041d3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d) + 27 kg (\u041d2<\/sub>O) = 52 kg (\u0421\u041d4<\/sub>)\u2191 + 77 kg (\u0421\u041e2<\/sub>)\u2191<\/span><\/p>\n

Thus, during anaerobic fermentation, the microbiological breakdown of 1 kg of organic matter is typically accompanied by the release of approximately 0.4 kg of methane and 0.7 kg of carbon dioxide.<\/span><\/p>\n

For reference, from 1 kg of dry organic matter processed in a biogas plant, you can obtain approximately:<\/span>
\n– About 0.9 m\u00b3 of biogas from carbohydrates.<\/span>
\n– Up to 1.5 m\u00b3 of biogas from fats.<\/span>
\n– Up to 0.7 m\u00b3 of biogas from proteins.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Formation of biogas from a chemical perspective is a complex multi-stage process that involves…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1269,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[96,98],"class_list":["post-1265","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-biogas","tag-methane"],"acf":{"":"","photo_gallery":{"post_gallery":[[]]}},"yoast_head":"\nThe chemistry of biogas formation process<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"%%sitename%%: From a chemical standpoint, the formation of biogas is a complex multi-stage process that includes several consecutive steps...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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