{"id":1259,"date":"2023-10-13T17:01:40","date_gmt":"2023-10-13T14:01:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ac-group.in.ua\/?p=1259"},"modified":"2026-08-05T16:59:20","modified_gmt":"2026-08-05T13:59:20","slug":"chemistry-of-the-biogas-formation-process","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ac-group.in.ua\/en\/blog\/chemistry-of-the-biogas-formation-process\/","title":{"rendered":"Chemistry of the Biogas Formation Process"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-start=\"115\" data-end=\"303\"><strong data-start=\"115\" data-end=\"303\">From a chemical perspective, biogas formation is a complex multistage process involving several sequential phases, including hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"305\" data-end=\"446\">During the first stage of anaerobic digestion, microorganisms decompose the substrate into organic acids, alcohols, and simple carbohydrates.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"448\" data-end=\"562\">In the second stage, these intermediate products are converted into <strong data-start=\"516\" data-end=\"561\">acetic acid, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"564\" data-end=\"654\">These stages of anaerobic digestion can be summarised by the following reaction equations:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\">\u0421<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>12<\/sub>O<sub>6<\/sub>+2H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2192 2CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH+4H<sub>2<\/sub>\u2191+2CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\">\u0421\u041d<sub>3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2\u041e\u041d+\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>O\u2192\u0421\u041d<sub>3<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+2\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\">\u0421\u041d<sub>3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d\u041e\u041d\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>O\u2192\u0421\u041d<sub>3<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+2\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u2191+\u0421\u041e<sub>2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\">\u0421\u041d<sub>3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u0421\u041d2\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+2\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>O\u21922\u0421\u041d<sub>3<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+2\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\">\u0421\u041d<sub>3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+2\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>O\u2192\u0421\u041d<sub>3<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+3\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u2191+\u0421\u041e<sub>2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\">\u0421\u041d<sub>3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u0421\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u0421\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+4\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>O\u21922\u0421\u041d<sub>3<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+5\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u2191+\u0421\u041e<sub>2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-(--sticky-padding-top)\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"f409ca41-913c-423f-ace9-015ea1e84f6f\" data-turn-id-container=\"f409ca41-913c-423f-ace9-015ea1e84f6f\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-91\" data-turn=\"user\"><\/section>\n<section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-WEB:9c9047c1-e8c5-467a-965d-97989a553f43-57\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-WEB:9c9047c1-e8c5-467a-965d-97989a553f43-57\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-92\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-8 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" data-conversation-screenshot-content=\"\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"0\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"b47f646c-804f-4776-b5bc-5e2f8028faa3\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-5\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full dark markdown-new-styling\">\n<p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"10\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"10\">Where:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"12\" data-end=\"288\">\n<li data-section-id=\"11es72w\" data-start=\"12\" data-end=\"35\"><strong data-start=\"14\" data-end=\"25\">C\u2086H\u2081\u2082O\u2086<\/strong> \u2013 glucose<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ej0azs\" data-start=\"36\" data-end=\"60\"><strong data-start=\"38\" data-end=\"50\">CH\u2083CH\u2082OH<\/strong> \u2013 ethanol<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1q98tj2\" data-start=\"61\" data-end=\"88\"><strong data-start=\"63\" data-end=\"78\">CH\u2083CHOHCOOH<\/strong> \u2013 lactate<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1aew7lh\" data-start=\"89\" data-end=\"123\"><strong data-start=\"91\" data-end=\"108\">CH\u2083CH\u2082CH\u2082COOH<\/strong> \u2013 butyric acid<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"eb65cx\" data-start=\"124\" data-end=\"157\"><strong data-start=\"126\" data-end=\"140\">CH\u2083CH\u2082COOH<\/strong> \u2013 propionic acid<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1fz00yg\" data-start=\"158\" data-end=\"195\"><strong data-start=\"160\" data-end=\"180\">CH\u2083CH\u2082CH\u2082CH\u2082COOH<\/strong> \u2013 valeric acid<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"p0pwqz\" data-start=\"196\" data-end=\"213\"><strong data-start=\"198\" data-end=\"205\">H\u2082O<\/strong> \u2013 water<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"f227ny\" data-start=\"214\" data-end=\"241\"><strong data-start=\"216\" data-end=\"227\">CH\u2083COOH<\/strong> \u2013 acetic acid<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1exndxx\" data-start=\"242\" data-end=\"261\"><strong data-start=\"244\" data-end=\"250\">H\u2082<\/strong> \u2013 hydrogen<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"anqxec\" data-start=\"262\" data-end=\"288\"><strong data-start=\"264\" data-end=\"271\">CO\u2082<\/strong> \u2013 carbon dioxide<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p>In the subsequent stage, methanogenesis is carried out by methanogenic microorganisms that reduce carbon dioxide to methane, as well as by microorganisms that convert acetic acid into methane and carbon dioxide. The biochemical reactions of the methanogenesis stage of anaerobic digestion are represented by the following equations:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\">4\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u2191+ \u0421\u041e<sub>2<\/sub>\u2191\u2192\u0421\u041d<sub>4<\/sub>\u2191+2\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u041e<br \/>\n\u0421\u041d<sub>3<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d \u2192 \u0421\u041d<sub>4<\/sub>\u2191+ \u0421\u041e<sub>2<\/sub>\u2191<br \/>\nwhere CH\u2084 is methane.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p>By combining the equations describing the formation of acetic acid, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide with the methanogenesis equations, the overall reaction equations for anaerobic digestion can be derived.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\">\u0421<sub>6<\/sub>\u041d<sub>12<\/sub>\u041e<sub>6<\/sub>\u21923\u0421\u041d<sub>4<\/sub>\u2191+3\u0421\u041e<sub>2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\">\u0421\u041d<sub>3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u041e\u041d\u21921,5\u0421\u041d<sub>4<\/sub>\u2191+0,5\u0421\u041e<sub>2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\">\u0421\u041d<sub>3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d\u041e\u041d\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d\u21921,5\u0421\u041d<sub>4<\/sub>\u2191+1,5\u0421\u041e<sub>2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\">\u0421\u041d<sub>3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u0421\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>O\u2192 2,5\u0421\u041d<sub>4<\/sub>\u2191+1,5\u0421\u041e<sub>2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\">\u0421\u041d<sub>3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+0,5\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>O\u21921,75\u0421\u041d<sub>4<\/sub>\u2191+1, 25\u0421\u041e<sub>2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\">\u0421\u041d<sub>3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u0421\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u0421\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d+1,5\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>O\u21923,25\u0421\u041d<sub>4<\/sub>\u2191+1,75\u0421\u041e<sub>2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-1489\" src=\"https:\/\/ac-group.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/ChatGPT-Image-5-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u043f.-2026-\u0440.-16_35_33-1-1060x964.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1060\" height=\"964\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h4>The calculated material balance for the anaerobic digestion of the above-mentioned organic compounds of biomass, based on the reaction equations presented above, is as follows:<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\">180 \u043a\u0433 (\u0421<sub>6<\/sub>\u041d<sub>12<\/sub>\u041e<sub>6<\/sub>) = 48 \u043a\u0433 (\u0421\u041d<sub>4<\/sub>)\u2191 + 132 \u043a\u0433 (\u0421\u041e<sub>2<\/sub>)\u2191<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\">46 \u043a\u0433 (\u0421\u041d<sub>3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u041e\u041d) = 24 \u043a\u0433 (\u0421\u041d<sub>4<\/sub>)\u2191 + 22 \u043a\u0433 (\u0421\u041e<sub>2<\/sub>)\u2191<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\">90 \u043a\u0433 (\u0421\u041d<sub>3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d\u041e\u041d\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d) = 24 \u043a\u0433 (\u0421\u041d<sub>4<\/sub>)\u2191 + 66 \u043a\u0433 (\u0421\u041e<sub>2<\/sub>)\u2191<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\">88 \u043a\u0433 (\u0421\u041d<sub>3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u0421\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d) + 18 \u043a\u0433 (\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>O) = 40 \u043a\u0433 (\u0421\u041d<sub>4<\/sub>)\u2191 + 66 \u043a\u0433 (\u0421\u041e<sub>2<\/sub>)\u2191<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\">74 \u043a\u0433 (\u0421\u041d<sub>3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d) + 9 \u043a\u0433 (\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>O) = 28 (\u0421\u041d<sub>4<\/sub>)\u2191 + 55 \u043a\u0433 (\u0421\u041e<sub>2<\/sub>)\u2191<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\">102 \u043a\u0433 (\u0421\u041d<sub>3<\/sub>\u0421\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u0421\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u0421\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>\u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d) + 27 \u043a\u0433 (\u041d<sub>2<\/sub>O) = 52 \u043a\u0433 (\u0421\u041d<sub>4<\/sub>)\u2191 + 77 \u043a\u0433 (\u0421\u041e<sub>2<\/sub>)\u2191<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"100\" data-end=\"279\">Thus, the microbial degradation of 1 kg of organic matter during anaerobic digestion results in the production of approximately 0.4 kg of methane and 0.7 kg of carbon dioxide.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"281\" data-end=\"404\">As a general reference, the anaerobic digestion of 1 kg of dry organic matter in a biogas plant produces approximately:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"406\" data-end=\"532\">\n<li data-section-id=\"uja4pp\" data-start=\"406\" data-end=\"448\">0.9 m\u00b3 of biogas from carbohydrates;<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ur3ixj\" data-start=\"449\" data-end=\"488\">up to 1.5 m\u00b3 of biogas from fats;<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"17qr6x5\" data-start=\"489\" data-end=\"532\">up to 0.7 m\u00b3 of biogas from proteins.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From a chemical perspective, biogas formation is a complex multistage process involving several sequential&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1269,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[96,111,108,110,109],"class_list":["post-1259","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-biogas","tag-carbohydrates","tag-chemistry","tag-fats","tag-proteins"],"acf":{"":"","photo_gallery":{"post_gallery":[[]]}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chemistry of the Biogas Formation Process<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"%%sitename%%: From a chemical perspective, biogas formation is a complex multistage process that involves several sequential stages.\u2026\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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